I-Cesium yinto enqabileyo nebalulekileyo yesinyithi, kwaye i-China ijongene nemingeni evela eKhanada nase-United States malunga namalungelo omgodi kumgodi omkhulu we-cesium wehlabathi, iTanko Mine.I-Cesium idlala indima engenakuphinda ithathelwe indawo kwiiwotshi zeathom, iiseli zelanga, amayeza, ukombiwa kwe-oyile, njl. njl. Ikwayiminerali yobuchule kuba ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo zenyukliya nemijukujelwa.
Iipropati kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-cesium.
Cesiumsisiqalelo sentsimbi esinqabileyo ngokugqithisileyo, umxholo kwindalo yi-3ppm kuphela, kwaye yenye yezinto ezinowona mxholo wesinyithi wealkali usezantsi kuqweqwe lomhlaba.I-Cesium ineempawu ezininzi ezikhethekileyo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali ezinjengokuqhutywa kombane okuphezulu kakhulu, indawo yokunyibilika ephantsi kakhulu kunye nokufunxa okuqinileyo kokukhanya, kuyenza isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo.
Kwii-telecommunications, i-cesium isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-fiber optic cables, i-photodetectors, i-laser kunye nezinye izixhobo zokuphucula isantya kunye nomgangatho wokuhanjiswa kwesignali.I-Cesium nayo iyinto ebalulekileyo ye-teknoloji yonxibelelwano ye-5G kuba inokubonelela ngeenkonzo zokuvumelanisa ixesha eliphezulu.
Kwintsimi yamandla, i-cesium ingasetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iiseli zelanga, iijenereyitha ze-ferrofluid, iinjini ze-ion propulsion kunye nezinye izixhobo zamandla amatsha ukuphucula ukuguqulwa kwamandla kunye nokusetyenziswa kakuhle.I-Cesium nayo iyinto ebalulekileyo kwizicelo ze-aerospace njengoko isetyenziselwa kwiinkqubo zokuhamba nge-satellite, izixhobo zokujonga ebusuku kunye ne-ion cloud communications.
Kwiyeza, i-cesium ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza iziyobisi ezifana neepilisi zokulala, i-sedative, iziyobisi ze-antiepileptic, kunye nokuphucula umsebenzi we-nervous system.I-Cesium ikwasetyenziswa kunyango lwemitha, njengonyango lomhlaza, njengomhlaza wedlala lesinyi.
Kwishishini lemichiza, i-cesium ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza i-catalysts, ii-reagents zeekhemikhali, i-electrolytes kunye nezinye iimveliso ukuphucula izinga kunye nokusebenza kweekhemikhali.I-Cesium nayo iyinto ebalulekileyo kwi-oyile yokugaya ngenxa yokuba ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza ulwelo oluphezulu lwe-drilling kwaye ingasetyenziselwa ukuphucula uzinzo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwamanzi okugaya.
Ukusasazwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemithombo ye-cesium yehlabathi.Okwangoku, ukusetyenziswa okukhulu kwe-cesium kuphuhliso lweoli kunye negesi yendalo.Iikhompawundi zayo cesium formate kunyecesium carbonatezincindiso eziphezulu zokomba, ezinokuphucula uzinzo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kolwelo lokomba kunye nokuthintela ukudilika kodonga kunye nokuvuza kwegesi.
Iidiphozithi ze-cesium garnet ezinokuthengiseka zifumaneka kwiindawo ezintathu kuphela emhlabeni: umgodi weTanco eCanada, umgodi waseBikita eZimbabwe kunye nomgodi weSinclair eOstreliya.Phakathi kwazo, indawo yemigodi ye-Tanco ngowona mgodi mkhulu we-cesium garnet ofunyenweyo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ubalelwa kuma-80% ovimba behlabathi be-cesium garnet oovimba, kwaye umndilili webakala le-cesium oxide yi-23.3%.Amabanga e-Cesium oxide aphakathi kwe-11.5% kunye ne-17% kwimigodi yaseBikita naseSinclair, ngokulandelelanayo.Ezi ndawo zintathu zemigodi ziyi-lithium cesium tantalum (LCT) iidiphozithi ze-pegmatite, ezityebileyo kwi-cesium garnet, eyona nto ingundoqo yokukhupha i-cesium.
Ukufunyanwa kweTshayina kunye nezicwangciso zokwandisa imigodi yeTanco.
I-United States lelona lizwe likhulu labathengi be-cesium, lithatha malunga ne-40%, lilandelwa yi-China.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokulawula kweTshayina kwimigodi ye-cesium kunye nokucokisa, phantse yonke imigodi emithathu emikhulu iye yatshintshelwa e-China.
Ngaphambili, emva kokuba inkampani yaseTshayina ifumene umgodi weTanko kwinkampani yaseMelika kwaye yaphinda yaqala ukuvelisa ngo-2020, iphinde yabhalisa kwi-5.72% ye-PWM kwaye yafumana ilungelo lokufumana zonke iimveliso ze-lithium, i-cesium kunye ne-tantalum yeprojekthi ye-Case Lake.Nangona kunjalo, iCanada kulo nyaka uphelileyo ifune iinkampani ezintathu ze-lithium zaseTshayina ukuba zithengise okanye zirhoxise izabelo zazo kwiinkampani zemigodi yaseCanada ye-lithium ngaphakathi kweentsuku ze-90, zichaza izizathu zokhuseleko lwelizwe.
Ngaphambili, i-Australia yalile isicwangciso senkampani yaseTshayina sokufumana i-15% yesabelo kwi-Lynas, umvelisi omkhulu womhlaba onqabileyo wase-Australia.Ukongeza ekuveliseni umhlaba onqabileyo, i-Australia inelungelo lokuphuhlisa umgodi weSinclair.Nangona kunjalo, i-cesium garnet ephuhliswe kwisigaba sokuqala somgodi we-Sinclair yafunyanwa yinkampani yangaphandle iCabotSF efunyenwe yinkampani yaseTshayina.
Indawo yemigodi yaseBikita yeyona idiphozithi ye-lithium-cesium-tantalum pegmatite inkulu e-Afrika kwaye inovimba wemithombo ye-cesium garnet yehlabathi yesibini ngobukhulu, kunye nomgangatho ophakathi we-cesium oxide we-11.5%.Inkampani yaseTshayina ithenge i-51 yepesenti yesigxina emgodini kwinkampani yase-Australia ye-165 yezigidi zeedola kwaye iceba ukwandisa umthamo wemveliso ye-lithium concentrate ukuya kwi-180,000 yeetoni ngonyaka kwiminyaka ezayo.
Inxaxheba yaseKhanada kunye ne-US kunye nokhuphiswano kwiMgodi yeTanco
Zombini iKhanada kunye neUnited States zingamalungu e-"Five Eyes Alliance" kwaye banobudlelwane obusondeleyo bezopolitiko kunye nomkhosi.Ke ngoko, iUnited States inokulawula unikezelo lwehlabathi lwezixhobo zecesium okanye ingenelele ngamahlakani ayo, ibeka isoyikiso sobuchule eTshayina.
Urhulumente waseKhanada udwelise i-cesium njengezimbiwa eziphambili kwaye uye wazisa uluhlu lwamanyathelo omgaqo-nkqubo ukukhusela nokuphuhlisa amashishini asekhaya.Umzekelo, ngo-2019, iCanada kunye ne-United States zityikitye isivumelwano esikhulu sentsebenziswano kwezemigodi ukukhuthaza intsebenziswano phakathi kwala mazwe mabini kukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kwekhonkco lokubonelela ngezimbiwa ezifana ne-cesium.Ngo-2020, i-Canada ne-Australia zatyikitya isivumelwano esifanayo sokuchasana nefuthe le-China kurhwebo lwehlabathi ngezimbiwa.IKhanada ikwaxhasa iinkampani zasekhaya zophuhliso kunye nokusetyenzwa kwe-cesium ore njengePWM kunye neCabot ngotyalo-mali, izibonelelo kunye nenkuthazo yerhafu.
Njengoyena mthengi mkhulu wehlabathi we-cesium, i-United States nayo ibona ukubaluleka okukhulu kwixabiso lobuchule kunye nokhuseleko lokubonelela nge-cesium.Ngowama-2018, i-United States yonyula i-cesium njengenye yezimbiwa ezingundoqo ezingama-35, yaze yaqulunqa ingxelo yobuchule malunga nezimbiwa ezibalulekileyo, iphakamisa uluhlu lwamanyathelo okuqinisekisa unikezelo lwexesha elide oluzinzileyo lwe-cesium kunye nezinye izimbiwa.
Ubume kunye nengxaki yezinye izixhobo zecesium eTshayina.
Ukongeza kumgodi weVikita, iChina ijonge namathuba okufumana izixhobo ze-cesium kweminye imimandla.Umzekelo, ngo-2019, inkampani yaseTshayina yatyikitya isivumelwano sentsebenziswano nenkampani yasePeruvia ukuba iphuhlise ngokudibeneyo iprojekthi yechibi letyuwa kumazantsi ePeru enezinto ezifana ne-lithium, potassium, boron, magnesium, strontium, calcium, sodium, kunye ne-cesium oxide.Kulindeleke ukuba ibe yindawo yesibini enkulu yokuvelisa i-lithium eMzantsi Melika.
I-China ijongene nobunzima obuninzi kunye nemingeni ekwabiweni kwemithombo ye-cesium yehlabathi.
Okokuqala, imithombo ye-cesium yehlabathi inqabile kakhulu kwaye isasazekile, kwaye kunzima kwi-China ukufumana iidiphozithi ze-cesium ezinkulu, ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunye nexabiso eliphantsi.Okwesibini, ukhuphiswano lwehlabathi lwezimbiwa eziphambili ezifana ne-cesium luya lusiba nzima, kwaye i-China inokujongana nokuphazamiseka kwezopolitiko kunye nezoqoqosho kunye nemiqobo evela eKhanada, e-Australia kunye nophononongo lotyalo-mali lwamanye amazwe kunye nezithintelo kwiinkampani zaseTshayina.Okwesithathu, iteknoloji yokutsalwa kunye nokulungiswa kwe-cesium inzima kwaye iyabiza.I-China iphendula njani kwiMfazwe yeziMbiwa eziBalulekileyo?
Ukuze kukhuselwe ukhuseleko lwesizwe kunye nomdla wezoqoqosho kwiindawo eziphambili zezimbiwa zaseTshayina, urhulumente waseTshayina uceba ukuthatha la manyathelo okuthintela asebenzayo:
Yomeleza uphononongo kunye nophuhliso lwemithombo ye-cesium kwihlabathi, fumana iidiphozithi ezintsha ze-cesium, kwaye uphucule ukuzimela kunye nokwahluka kobutyebi be-cesium.
Yomeleza ukurisayikilishwa kwe-cesium, uphucule ukusetyenziswa kwe-cesium ngokufanelekileyo kunye nesantya sokujikeleza, kunye nokunciphisa inkunkuma ye-cesium kunye nongcoliseko.
Yomeleza uphando lwenzululwazi ye-cesium kunye nokusungula, ukuphuhlisa izixhobo ezizezinye ze-cesium okanye ubugcisa, kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-cesium.
Ukuqinisa intsebenziswano yamazwe ngamazwe kunye notshintshiselwano ngecesium, ukuseka urhwebo lwecesium oluzinzileyo nolunobulungisa kunye neendlela zotyalo-mali kunye namazwe afanelekileyo, kunye nokugcina ulungelelwano olusempilweni lwemalike ye-cesium yehlabathi.