Imfazwe yorhwebo yase-US-China inyuse uloyiko malunga nokunyuka kweTshayina ngokurhweba ngesinyithi somhlaba esinqabileyo.
Malunga
• Ukunyuka kwengxabano phakathi kwe-United States ne-China kubangele inkxalabo yokuba i-Beijing ingasebenzisa isikhundla sayo esiphezulu njengomthengisi womhlaba onqabileyo ukuze abe namandla kwimfazwe yorhwebo phakathi kwamagunya amabini oqoqosho lwehlabathi.
• Iintsimbi zomhlaba ezinqabileyo liqela lezinto ze-17 - i-lanthanum, i-cerium, i-praseodymium, i-neodymium, i-promethium, i-samarium, i-europium, i-gadolinium, i-terbium, i-dysprosium, i-holmium, i-erbium, i-thulium, i-ytterbium, i-lutetium, i-scandium, i-yttrium ebonakala iphantsi emhlabeni.
• Zinqabile kuba zinzima kwaye zibiza imali eninzi emigodini kwaye zilungiswa ngokucocekileyo.
• Umhlaba onqabileyo wembiwa eTshayina, eIndiya, eMzantsi Afrika, eKhanada, eOstreliya, e-Estonia, eMalaysia naseBrazil.
Ukubaluleka kweZinyithi zoMhlaba ezinqabileyo
• Zineempawu ezikhethekileyo zombane, isinyithi, i-catalytic, inyukliya, imagnethi kunye nezikhanyiso.
• Zibaluleke kakhulu ngokweqhinga ngenxa yokusebenzisa kwabo ubugcisa obuvelayo nobohlukeneyo obubonelela iimfuno zoluntu lwangoku.
• Ubuchwephesha bexesha elizayo, umzekelo, ubushushu obuphezulu obuphezulu, ugcino olukhuselekileyo kunye nokuthuthwa kwe-hydrogen kufuna ezi zinyithi zinqabileyo zomhlaba.
• Imfuno yehlabathi yee-REMs ikhula ngokuphawulekayo ngokuhambelana nokwanda kwazo kwi-high-end technology, imo engqongileyo, kunye nemimandla yezoqoqosho.
• Ngenxa yeempawu zabo ezizodwa zemagneti, ukukhanya, kunye ne-electrochemical, bancedisa kwiiteknoloji ukusebenza ngobunzima obuncitshisiweyo, ukukhutshwa okucuthiweyo, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla.
• Izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zisetyenziswa kuluhlu olubanzi lweemveliso zabathengi, ukusuka kwii-iPhones ukuya kwiisathelayithi kunye neelaser.
• Zikwasetyenziswa nakwiibhetri ezitshajwayo ngokutsha, iiseramiki eziphucukileyo, iikhompyutha, izidlali-DVD, iiinjini zomoya, iicatalysts ezimotweni nakwizinto zokucoca ioyile, iimonitha, oomabonakude, izibane, iifiber optics, iisuperconductors kunye nokupolishwa kweglasi.
• I-E-Vehicles: Izinto ezininzi ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, ezifana neodymium kunye ne-dysprosium, zibalulekile kwiimotor ezisetyenziswa kwizithuthi zombane.
• Izixhobo zomkhosi: Ezinye izimbiwa zomhlaba ezinqabileyo zibalulekile kwizixhobo zomkhosi ezinjengeenjini zejethi, iinkqubo zokukhokela imijukujelwa, iinkqubo zokhuselo lokulwa, iisathelayithi, kunye neelaser.ILanthanum, umzekelo, iyafuneka ukwenza izixhobo zokubona ebusuku.
• I-China likhaya kuma-37% oovimba bomhlaba obunqabileyo behlabathi.Ngo-2017, i-China yenza i-81% yemveliso yomhlaba enqabileyo yehlabathi.
• I-China ibambe uninzi lwamandla okusebenza ehlabathini kwaye ibonelele nge-80% yomhlaba onqabileyo ongeniswe eMelika ukusuka ngowama-2014 ukuya kowama-2017.
• Umgodi weMountain Pass waseCarlifonia kuphela kwesixhobo somhlaba esinqabileyo sase-US esisebenzayo.Kodwa ithumela inxalenye enkulu yesicatshulwa ukuya eTshayina ukuze iqhutywe.
• I-China ibeke umrhumo wama-25% kwezo zinto zingeniswayo ngaphandle ngexesha lemfazwe yorhwebo.
• I-China, i-Australia, i-US kunye ne-Indiya yimithombo ebalulekileyo yehlabathi yezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba.
• Ngokoqikelelo, oovimba bomhlaba onqabileyo bebonke eIndiya ziziitoni ezizigidi ezili-10.21.
• I-Monazite, equlethe i-thorium kunye ne-Uranium, ngowona mthombo oyintloko wehlabathi elinqabileyo eIndiya.Ngenxa yobukho bezi zinto zeradioactive, ukumbiwa kwesanti yemonazite kwenziwa liqumrhu likarhulumente.
• I-Indiya ubukhulu becala ibingumnikezeli wezinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kunye nesiseko somhlaba onqabileyo.Asikwazanga ukuphuhlisa iiyunithi zokulungisa izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba.
• Ukuveliswa kwexabiso eliphantsi yi-China ngoyena nobangela wokuhla kwemveliso yomhlaba enqabileyo eIndiya.