Imvelaphi kunye neMeko ngokubanzi
Izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyoziyi-floorboard ye-IIIB scandium, yttrium kunye ne-lanthanum kwitafile yeperiodical.Kukho izinto ze-l7.Umhlaba onqabileyo uneempawu ezizodwa kunye neekhemikhali kwaye usetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino, kwezolimo nakwamanye amasimi.Ukucoceka kwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zinquma ngokuthe ngqo iimpawu ezikhethekileyo zezixhobo.Ukucoceka okwahlukileyo kwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kunokuvelisa izinto ze-ceramic, izinto ze-fluorescent kunye nezixhobo zombane ezineemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza.Ngoku, ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji enqabileyo yokutsalwa komhlaba, iikhompawundi zomhlaba ezicocekileyo ezinqabileyo zibonelela ngethemba lemarike elungileyo, kwaye ukulungiswa kwemathiriyeli yomhlaba enqabileyo esebenza ngokuphezulu kubeka phambili iimfuno eziphezulu zokucoceka komhlaba onqabileyo.I-Cerium compound ineendlela ezininzi zokusetyenziswa, kwaye umphumo wayo kwizicelo ezininzi zihambelana nokucoceka kwayo, iimpawu zomzimba kunye nomxholo wokungcola.Ekusasazweni kwezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba, i-cerium ibala malunga ne-50% yokukhanya komhlaba onqabileyo.Ngokusetyenziswa okunyukayo kwe-cerium yococeko oluphezulu, imfuno ye-index ye-non-rare content index for cerium compounds iphezulu kwaye iphezulu.I-Cerium oxidei-ceric oxide, inombolo ye-CAS yi-1306-38-3, i-molecular formula yi-CeO2, ubunzima be-molecular: 172.11;I-Cerium oxide yeyona oxide izinzile ye-elementi yomhlaba enqabileyo i-cerium.Iqinileyo emthubi kubushushu begumbi kwaye iba mnyama xa ishushu.I-Cerium oxide isetyenziswa kakhulu kwizinto ezikhanyisayo, izinto zokuthambisa, umgubo wokupolisha, ukhuselo lwe-UV kunye nezinye izinto ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo okugqwesileyo.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iye yavusa umdla wabaphandi abaninzi.Ukulungiswa kunye nokusebenza kwe-cerium oxide kuye kwaba yindawo yophando kwiminyaka yamuva.
Inkqubo yeMveliso
Indlela yoku-1: Gxuma kwiqondo lokushisa, yongeza isisombululo se-sodium hydroxide ye-5.0mol / L kwisisombululo se-cerium sulfate se-0.1mol / L, lungisa ixabiso le-pH libe likhulu kune-10, kwaye ukusabela kwemvula kwenzeka.Intlenga yampompa, yahlanjwa amatyeli aliqela ngamanzi adityanisiweyo, emva koko yomiswa kwi-oven eyi-90℃ iiyure ezingama-24.Emva kokugaya kunye nokucoca (ubungakanani be-particle bungaphantsi kwe-0.1mm), i-cerium oxide ifunyenwe kwaye ifakwe kwindawo eyomileyo yokugcina itywina.Indlela yesi-2: Ukuthatha i-cerium chloride okanye i-cerium nitrate njengezinto eziluhlaza, ukulungelelanisa ixabiso le-pH kwi-2 ngamanzi e-ammonia, ukongeza i-oxalate kwi-oxalate ye-cerium oxalate, emva kokufudumeza, ukunyanga, ukuhlukana kunye nokuhlamba, ukomisa kwi-110 ℃, emva koko ukutshisa i-cerium oxide kwi-900. ~ 1000℃.I-cerium oxide inokufunyanwa ngokufudumeza umxube we-cerium oxide kunye nomgubo wekhabhoni kwi-1250℃kwi-atmosfera ye-carbon monoxide.
Isicelo
I-Cerium Oxide isetyenziselwa izongezelelo zemveliso yeglasi, i-plate glass grinding materials, kwaye iye yandiswa kwiiglasi zokugaya iglasi, iilensi zamehlo, i-kinescope, i-bleaching, ingcaciso, iglasi yemitha ye-ultraviolet kunye nokufunxa ucingo lwe-elektroniki, njalo njalo.Ikwasetyenziswa njenge-anti-reflector ye-lens yeglasi yamehlo, kwaye i-cerium isetyenziselwa ukwenza i-cerium titanium emthubi ukwenza iglasi ibe tyheli.Umphambili we-oxidation yomhlaba onqabileyo unempembelelo ethile kwi-crystallization kunye neepropati zeeramics zeglasi kwi-CaO-MgO-AI2O3-SiO2 inkqubo.Iziphumo zophando zibonisa ukuba ukongezwa kwe-oxidation engaphambili efanelekileyo kunenzuzo ekuphuculeni isiphumo sokucaciswa kolwelo lweglasi, ukuphelisa amaqamza, ukwenza ukwakheka kweglasi kuhlangane, kunye nokuphucula iipropathi zoomatshini kunye nokuxhathisa kwealkali kwezixhobo.Olona bungakanani bongeziweyo be-cerium oxide yi-1.5, xa isetyenziswa kwi-ceramic glaze kunye neshishini lombane njenge piezoelectric ceramic penetrant.Ikwasetyenziswa ekwenzeni i-catalyst ephezulu yokusebenza, isibane sesibane sesibane segesi, isikrini se-X-ray fluorescent screen (isetyenziswa ikakhulu kwi-lens polishing agent).Umhlaba onqabileyo we-cerium polishing powder usetyenziswa kakhulu kwiikhamera, iilensi zekhamera, ityhubhu yemifanekiso yeTV, ilensi, njalo njalo.Inokusetyenziswa nakwishishini leglasi.I-cerium oxide kunye ne-titanium dioxide zingasetyenziswa kunye ukwenza iglasi etyheli.I-Cerium oxide ye-glass decolorization ineenzuzo zokusebenza okuzinzile kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, ixabiso eliphantsi kwaye akukho kufakwa kokukhanya okubonakalayo.Ukongeza, i-cerium oxide yongezwa kwiglasi esetyenziswa kwizakhiwo kunye neemoto ukunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet.Ukuveliswa kwezixhobo ezinqabileyo ze-luminescent, i-cerium oxide yongezwa njenge-activator kumhlaba onqabileyo we-phosphors yemibala emithathu esetyenziswa kwizinto ezikhanyayo zezibane zokulondoloza amandla kunye ne-phosphors esetyenziswa kwizalathisi kunye ne-radiation detectors.I-Cerium oxide nayo iyinto ekrwada yokulungiselela i-cerium yensimbi.Ukongeza, kwimathiriyeli ye-semiconductor, ii-pigments zomgangatho ophezulu kunye ne-photosensitive glass sensitizer, isicoci sokukhupha iimoto sisetyenziswa ngokubanzi.I-catalyst ye-automobile exhaust yokucocwa ubukhulu becala yenziwe nge-honeycomb (okanye isinyithi) ethwala i-ceramic kunye ne-surface esebenzayo yokwambathisa.I-coating esebenzayo iquka indawo enkulu ye-gamma-trioxide, isixa esifanelekileyo se-oxides ezinzisa indawo ephezulu, kunye nesinyithi esinomsebenzi we-catalytic osasazwe ngaphakathi kwengubo.Ukuze kuncitshiswe i-Pt ebizayo, idosi ye-Rh, yonyusa idosi ye-Pd inexabiso eliphantsi, ukunciphisa iindleko ze-catalyst ngaphandle kokunciphisa ii-catalysts zokuhlanjululwa kwemoto phantsi kwesiseko sentsebenzo eyahlukeneyo, esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo i-Pt.Pd.Ukusebenza kwe-Rh ternary catalyst coating, ngokuqhelekileyo indlela yokuntywiliselwa iyonke ukongeza umlinganiselo othile we-cerium oxide kunye ne-lanthanum oxide, yenza impembelelo yomhlaba enqabileyo ye-catalytic ihle kakhulu.Ixabiso lentsimbi ye-ternary catalyst.I-Lanthanum oxide kunye ne-cerium oxide zaye zasetyenziswa njengezoncedisi ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwe-¦ I-Alumina exhaswe yi-catalysts yentsimbi ehloniphekileyo.Ngokophando, i-catalytic mechanism ye-cerium oxide kunye ne-lanthanum oxide ikakhulu kukuphucula umsebenzi we-catalytic we-coating esebenzayo, ukulungelelanisa ngokuzenzekelayo umlinganiselo we-air-fuel kunye ne-catalysis, kunye nokuphucula ukuzinza kwe-thermal kunye namandla omatshini womthwali.